Oversight and Authority

 

The Virginia Department of Health (VDH) is the lead state entity providing core public health functions and essential services.

 

The VDH Strategic Plan establishes the agency’s mission to protect the health and promote the well-being of all people in Virginia, with a vision to become the healthiest state in the nation.

 

The VDH Plan for Well-Being lays out the foundation for giving everyone a chance to live a healthy life:

1. Factoring health into policy decisions related to education, employment, housing, transportation, land use, economic development, and public safety;
2. Investing in the health, education, and development of Virginia’s children;
3. Promoting a culture of health through preventive actions; and
4. Creating a connected system of health care.

 

The scope of the agency’s services includes ensuring food and water safety, disease and injury prevention and surveillance, emergency preparedness, health equity, and setting licensure and certification standards. As the leading public health agency in the state, the central office is located in Richmond, the state’s capital. The State Board of Health provides leadership in planning and policy development and supports VDH in implementing a coordinated, prevention-oriented program that promotes and protects the health of all Virginians. The agency is led by the State Health Commissioner, with additional oversight from deputy commissioners distributed across four main operating divisions: Public Health & Preparedness, Administration, Community Health Services, and Population Health.

 

Virginia’s MCH Program

VDH is responsible for the administration of programs carried out with allotments under Title V. Virginia’s MCH program implements strategies that have broad population health impact. The VDH Office of Family Health Services (OFHS) houses the state Title V program and complementary MCH programs under its flagship brand, VDHLiveWell. OFHS programs include the Women, Infants, and Children's Nutrition Program (WIC) in the Division of Community Nutrition; disease prevention and health promotion in the Division of Prevention and Health Promotion; protecting and improving the health of women, infants, children, adolescents, and their families in the Division of Child and Family Health; and providing scientific integrity and quality data analysis, reporting, and program evaluation related to these populations in the Division of Population Health Data. MCH block grant funding is allocated by formula to each of Virginia’s 35 local health districts to support local MCH implementation, with two of these districts being governed locally.

 

Virginia’s MCH program works with and garners partnerships across state agencies and programs, including the Department of Medical Assistance Services, Department of Social Services, Department of Education, and Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services. Virginia’s Healthy Start and Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Programs are administered through the VDH Division of Child and Family Health.

 

MCH Priorities: Virginia’s Title V MCH programming aligns with the agencies mission and core values by establishing upstream approaches to MCH priorities:

• Upstream / Cross-Sector Strategic Planning: Eliminate health inequities arising from social, political, economic, and environmental conditions through strategic, nontraditional partnerships.
• Community, Family, & Youth Leadership: Provide dedicated space, technical assistance, and financial resources to advance community leadership in state and local maternal and child health initiatives.
• Mental Health: Promote mental health across MCH populations, to include reducing suicide and substance use.
• Finances as a Root Cause: Increase the financial agency and well-being of MCH populations.
• Racism: Explore and eliminate drivers of structural and institutional racism within OFHS programs, policies, and practices to improve maternal and child health.
• MCH Data Capacity: Maintain and expand state MCH data capacity, to include ongoing needs assessment activities, program evaluation, and modernized data visualization and integration.
• Reproductive Justice & Support: Promote equitable access to choice-centered reproduction-related services, including sex education, family planning, fertility/grief support, and parenting support.
• Strong Systems of Care for All Children: Strengthen the continuum supporting physical/socio-emotional development (i.e. screening, assessment, referral, follow-up, coordinated community-based care).

 

Geography

 

The Commonwealth of Virginia encompasses 42,774 square miles (110,784 km2), including land and water areas, making it the thirty-fifth largest state by total area. The state is geographically located in the mid-Atlantic area of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Washington D.C., the nation’s capital and Maryland to the north; the Atlantic Ocean to the east; North Carolina to the south; and Tennessee, West Virginia and Kentucky to the west. Land is distinctly divided by the Appalachian Mountains in the west, countryside, rolling hills, growing cities, and sandy beaches in the east where the Chesapeake Bay separates the contiguous portion of the Commonwealth from the two-county peninsula of Virginia's Eastern Shore. Many of Virginia's rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James.

 

Population Density & Urbanization

Virginia has 11 Metropolitan Statistical Areas, with Northern Virginia (Washington-Arlington-Alexandria), Hampton Roads (Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News), and Richmond-Petersburg being the three most populous. The Commonwealth is divided into 133 localities (95 counties and 38 independent cities) with a population density of 199.1 people per square mile. The largest cities are Virginia Beach (450,135), Norfolk (245,592), Chesapeake (237,820), the state’s capital Richmond City (223,787) and Newport News City (180,145). Norfolk forms the urban core of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, which has a population over 1.6 million people and is the site of the world’s largest naval base, Naval Station Norfolk. The City of Alexandria has more people per square mile than any other jurisdiction in Virginia, according to 2018 population estimates. There are just under 160,000 people living within the city, for a population density of 10,434 residents/square mile. In contrast, Highland County has the lowest density at 5.335 residents/square mile.

 

 

The most populous county and largest jurisdiction in the Commonwealth is Fairfax County in Northern Virginia, with a climbing population of 1.15 million. Fairfax County has a major urban business and shopping center in Tysons Corner, Virginia's largest office market. Neighboring Prince William County (468,011) is Virginia's second most populous county, and is home to Marine Corps Base Quantico, the FBI Academy and Manassas National Battlefield Park. According to an article in the Washington Post, analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data has shown that Prince William County has leapfrogged Virginia Beach (450,189) to become the second-most-populous jurisdiction in Virginia. Three out of four of the state's largest counties, now in Northern Virginia, account for 23.8% of the state’s population growth. Loudoun County with 406,850 residents surpasses Chesterfield County with 348,556 residents.  The four counties with the largest portions of population 35 and younger were Fairfax, Prince William, Virginia Beach, and Loudon Country respectfully according to the 5-year (2018) census estimates. The four Virginia jurisdictions that have the smallest ratios of people 65 and older are Radford City, Harrisonburg City, Manassas Park City and Loudoun County. 

 

Virginia is a place where state averages hide the contrasting stories of its subpopulations. There are approximately 1.0 million residents living within rural areas of the state, compared to over 7.5 million within urban areas. Virginia Department of Health has grouped the Commonwealth’s localities into 35 health districts and 5 health regions. The Northern region, composed of Alexandria, Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William health districts, is densely populated and include 3 of the 50 richest places in America according to Bloomberg, 2020. Conversely, the Southwest region, made up of Alleghany, Central Virginia, Cumberland Plateau, Lenowisco, Mount Rogers, New River, Pittsylvania/Danville, Roanoke City, and West Piedmont health districts, bordered by West Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee, is rural with a rugged and mountainous terrain and is the least populous and least racial/ethnically diverse. Its terrain and vast geographic area pose many transportation barriers. The Central region is composed of Chesterfield, Crater, Chickahominy, Henrico, Piedmont, Richmond City, and Southside health districts. The Northwestern region is made up of Central Shenandoah, Lord Fairfax, Rappahannock, Rappahannock/Rapidan, and Thomas Jefferson health districts. These two regions have a mix of urban, suburban and rural areas. The urban areas are home to large state colleges/universities and are business districts. The suburban areas are more residential than industrial. The rural areas are agricultural. The Eastern region, composed of Chesapeake, Eastern Shore, Hampton, Norfolk City, Peninsula, Portsmouth, Three Rivers, Virginia Beach, Western Tidewater health districts, runs along the east coast (Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean) and includes the Eastern Shore, a peninsula separated from the mainland by the Chesapeake Bay. The Eastern Shore Health District is very sparsely populated and has a high level of poverty. The Eastern area has the largest concentration of military bases and facilities of any metropolitan area in the world. The coastal area has many bridges and tunnels that create transportation barriers to services. Individuals in the area also experience severe traffic congestion on a daily basis. Occasionally, hurricanes and tropical storms affect the area and can result in flooding and environmental health concerns.

 

 

Demographics

 

Virginia is the 12th most populous state in the U.S., with an estimated population of over 8.6 million people (World Population Review). There were 49.2% of the population reporting male and 50.8% female (2018: ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, Demographic and Housing Estimates).

 

Race/Ethnicity

Among people reporting one race alone, 68.0% identified as White, 19.2% identified as  Black, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 6.3% Asian, and 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (2018: ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, Demographic and Housing Estimates). There were 9.2% of individuals that identified as Hispanic or Latino. According to the Census Bureau, Virginia ranks 9th in having the largest African American population (HHS Office of Minority Health Resource Center).

 

There were over 1.69 million women of childbearing age (15-44 years) in 2018, with race and ethnicity composition consisting of 58.1% non-Hispanic white, 21.5% non-Hispanic black, 8.9% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.3% non-Hispanic Native American or Alaska Native, and 11.2% Hispanic (any race) (2018 Virginia resident population estimates). The Virginia population, like that of the nation, is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse where 12.3% of the population are foreign-born (2018: ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, Selected Social Characteristics).

 

Age and Sex

The median age of Virginians is 38 years. Persons age 65 years and older represent 15.9% of the population (U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts, Virginia). There were 190,459 grandparents, and among those, 35.1% were responsible for their grandchildren (2018: ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, Selected Social Characteristics). There were 21.8% of persons under 18 years, 5.9% under 5 years, and 50.8% were female.

 

Economic Well-Being

 

Educational Attainment

Educational attainment is a predictor of personal wealth and well-being and is directly related to social disparities. In Virginia, 10.7% have a 9th to 12th grade education with no diploma, 24.1% are high school graduates or equivalent, 21.7% have a bachelor’s degree, and 16.5% have a graduate or professional degree. Thirty-six percent (38.2%) of Virginians have a bachelor's degree or higher compared with 31.5% for the U.S.

 

Economy/Income/Poverty

Virginia’s economy is diverse, including local and federal government, military, farming, business, manufacturing, tourism, and healthcare/medical. Virginia has 3.8 million civilian workers, and one-sixth of the jobs are in the service sector. The unemployment rate in Virginia was 3.0% as per ACS 2018, below the national rate of 4.0%. The median household income in Virginia is $72,577 compared to $63,179 in the U.S.

Compared to the U.S. population, a lower percentage of Virginians lived in households with incomes below the federal poverty level (10.7% vs. 11.8% for the U.S.) and also a lower percentage of children under age 18 lived in households with incomes below the federal poverty level (13.8% vs. 17.8% for the U.S.). However, wealth varies significantly across the state.  The percentage of children living in poverty was 13.8% in 2018 (U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates 2018). For the years 2017-2018, 19.1% of children with special health care needs lived in families with incomes less than 100% of the federal poverty level. This is in comparison to children without special health care needs, of which 14.7% are in families with incomes less than 100% of the federal poverty level.

 

Housing

The factors that relate to housing have the potential to affect health in major ways. These factors include physical conditions within homes, conditions in the neighborhoods surrounding homes, and housing affordability. Among occupied housing units in Virginia, 33.8% are rented. In renter-occupied units, nearly half (48.7%) pay 30 percent or more of their household income to rent (2018: ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, Selected Housing Characteristics). In 2018, 65% of Virginia children lived in low-income households with high housing cost burden (KIDSCOUNT Data Center). The median rent in Virginia is $1,202. The median home value for owner-occupied units in Virginia is $264,900 (2018) compared to $243,500 in 2014, representing an 8.8% increase in median home value in five years. Communities without safe and affordable housing affect the overall ability of families to make healthy choices and access to quality homes.

 

Food Security

Food insecurity is a social and economic condition where access to food is limited or uncertain. In Virginia, 842,870 people are struggling with hunger, and 1 in 8 children struggle with hunger (Hunger in Virginia). According to America’s Health Rankings in 2019, 10.1% of Virginia households were unable to provide adequate food for one or more household members due to lack of resources. Charity and government assistance programs are necessary to help bridge the meal gap. Among households receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, 44.9% had children.

 

Primary Care Access and Health Insurance Coverage

Based on the 2013-2018 ACS data, 87.3% of Virginians have health insurance of some kind and 95.1 percent of those under age 19 have health insurance. Among the uninsured population, 14.1% are young adults age 26 to 34. Others that are uninsured include 8.0% of the White population compared to 10.1% of non-Hispanic African Americans, and 21.4% of those with less than a high school education.

In 2019, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 4,230 family and general practitioners in Virginia, and 570 obstetricians/ gynecologists. There were 490 pediatricians, 3,430 dentists with 80 of those being specialists, and 160 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in the state. There are needs recognized across the state that can be unique to different areas of the state, such as transportation barriers and availability of providers. There were 106 counties/cities in Virginia designated as Primary Care Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs), 98 in Dental Care, and 74 in Mental Health (HRSA Data Warehouse). Virginia expanded the Medicaid program on January 1, 2019, a significant change in health care policy that was realized without the expenditure of state dollars. More than 380,000 Virginia adults are enrolled and receiving services under the new eligibility rules.

 

Community and Social Well-Being

 

Social and emotional support

Research has supported that social and emotional support from others can be protective for health. Overall, 31.6% of Virginia children were living in single parent households. There were 4% of children in the care of grandparents. The majority of Virginia parents (78.8%) report that they have someone to turn to for day-to-day emotional support with parenting or raising children. Hispanic parents (60.8%) and Black parents (76.6%) were less likely to report having emotional support with parenting compared to White parents (87.8%) (NCHS 2017-2018). There were 70.3% of high school students that have an adult to go to for help with a serious problem (71.4% male, 69.2% female) (Virginia YRBS).

 

Racism and Discrimination

Racism and discrimination are among other social determinants of health that negatively influence health. During their pregnancy, mothers expressed experiencing discrimination or harassment due to their race, ethnicity or culture (3.63%); insurance or Medicaid status (2.68%); weight (5.33%); and marital status (1.12%). Among those reporting discrimination or harassment due to their race, ethnicity or culture, 8% were Black and 9.21% were Hispanic. Among high school students, 16.8% have been a victim of teasing or name-calling because of their actual or perceived race or ethnic background, and 11.8% because of their actual or perceived sexual orientation in the past year.

 

Performance Measures and Outcomes

 

DOMAIN: Women’s/Maternal Health

According to America’s Health Rankings (2019), Virginia ranks 22nd overall for the health of women, and 18th for the overall health of women and children.

 

NPM 13.1: Preventive Dental Visit During Pregnancy – Data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) showed that 49.9% of moms had a preventive dental visit during pregnancy (2017). Preventive dental care in pregnancy is recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) to improve lifelong oral hygiene habits and dietary behavior for women and their families.

 

SPM 4: Pregnancy Intention: Mistimed or Unwanted Pregnancy – The percentage of women reporting that they wanted to become pregnant later or never was 25.3% (2018 VA PRAMS). The concept of unintended pregnancy helps in understanding the fertility of populations and the unmet need for contraception and family planning (CDC 2019). In Virginia 44.5% of pregnancies were described by women as unintended.

 

SOM 2: Maternal Mortality Disparity – Maternal mortality is a sentinel indicator of health and health care quality worldwide. In 2019 Virginia's governor announced a goal to eliminate the racial disparity in the maternal mortality rate in Virginia by 2025. The maternal mortality rate was 29.5 per 100,000 live births, with a rate of 27.7 per 100,000 among White women and 52.6 per 100,000 among Black women (2019).

 

Mental Health - The percentage of women who experience postpartum depressive symptoms following a recent live birth was 13.5% (PRAMS 2018).

 

DOMAIN: Perinatal/Infant Health

According to America’s Health Rankings (2019), Virginia ranks 23rd overall for the health of infants.

 

NPM 4: Breastfeeding – Research shows that breastfeeding provides many health benefits for moms and babies, including lower risk of type 2 diabetes and certain cancers for moms, and protection from illness for babies. VA PRAMS (2018) showed 89.4% of respondents ever breastfed, 24.6% breastfed for 1-10 weeks, and 56.2% were breastfeeding at the time of the survey. There were some differences observed in continuation by race, where by the time of the survey 61% of White moms were breastfeeding, 52% of Hispanic moms, and 39% of Black moms.

 

SOM 1: Infant Mortality Disparity – Infant mortality is a sentinel measure of population health that reflects the underlying well-being of mothers and families, as well as the broader community and social environment that cultivate health and access to health-promoting resources. A significant disparity exists in infant deaths between racial groups in Virginia, where Black women had an infant mortality rate in 2018 at 9.7, twice that for White women (4.9 per 1,000 live births). Goal 2.3 of the VDH Plan for Well-Being is to eliminate the racial disparity in Virginia’s infant mortality rates.

 

Newborn Screening – The Virginia Newborn Screening program consists of dried blood spot (DBS) newborn screening, the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) and CCHD follow-up teams. The DBS and EHDI teams track and follow-up on all out-of-range results, facilitates access to specialty services for further testing and confirmation of diagnosis, and infants that are diagnosed with a newborn screening disorder are referred to Care Connection for Children Centers (CCC) for care coordination services. EHDI also refers diagnosed infants to Early Intervention (EI).

 

DOMAIN: Child Health

According to America’s Health Rankings (2019), Virginia ranks 6th overall for the health of children. The child mortality rate was 23.6 per 100,000 children ages 1-19.

 

NPM 6: Developmental Screening – The percent of children, ages 9-35 months, who received a developmental screening using a parent-completed screening tool in the past year is 31.4% (2017-2018) in Virginia, compared to the U.S. at 33.5%. Early identification of developmental disorders is critical to child well-being and is an integral function of primary care.

 

NPM 7.1: Injury Hospitalization (ages 0-9 years) – Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases (SID) showed the rate of hospitalization for non-fatal injury among children was 98.6 per 100,000 in 2017. Among age groups, the annual indicator was 210.8 for children less than one year of age, 108.9 among children ages 1-4, and 68.5 among children ages 5-9. Reducing the burden of nonfatal injury can greatly improve the life course trajectory of infants and children, resulting in improved quality of life and cost savings.

 

NPM 13.2: Preventive Dental Visit (ages 1-11 years) – The NSCH showed that 65.6 % of children age 1-5 years and 89.5% of children age 6-11 years had a preventive dental visit (2017-2018). Insufficient access to oral health care and effective preventive services affects children’s health, education, and ability to prosper.

 

DOMAIN: Adolescent Health

 

NPM 7.2: Injury Hospitalization (ages 10-19 years) – The HCUP-SID showed the rate of hospitalization for non-fatal injury among adolescents was 184.5 per 100,000 in 2017. The annual indicator was 103.9 among age 10-14 years and 262.8 among age 15-19 years. Among students who reported that they seriously considered attempting suicide, 82.0% reported having felt sad, empty, hopeless, angry, or anxious; 40.8% attempted suicide; 24.9% were physically hurt by someone they were dating or going out with; 36.2% were bullied on school property; 29.2% were bullied electronically; and only 54.2% had at an adult they can talk to (Virginia Youth Survey, 2017).

 

NPM 12: Transition (ages 12-17 years) – The NSCH (2017-2018) showed only 11.6% of adolescents received services necessary to make transitions to adult health care. Health care transition focuses on building independent health care skills – including self-advocacy, preparing for the adult model of care, and transferring to new providers.

 

NPM 13.2: Preventive Dental Visit (ages 12-17 years) – The NSCH (2017-2018) showed that 88.2% of adolescents had a preventive dental visit.

 

SPM 4: Pregnancy Intention – The teen pregnancy rate in Virginia is 19.1 per 1,000 females age 15 to 19 years (2018). Differences exist among race/ethnicity and regions within the state. Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black teens had the highest teen pregnancy rates in 2018 at 34.6 and 28.9 respectfully. The Eastern (24.0), Southwest (23.7), and Central (21.9) regions had rates higher than the state rate. The public savings in 2015 due to declines in the teen birth rate totaled $72 million (Power to Decide, 2020).

 

DOMAIN: Children with Special Health Care Needs

The percent of children with special health care needs (CSHCN), ages 0 through 17, in Virginia is 20.9% (NSCH 2017-2018).

 

NPM 11: Medical Home (CSHCN ages 0-17 years) – The NSCH (2017-2018) showed that 48.4% of CSHCN had a medical home. Children with a stable and continuous source of health care are more likely to receive appropriate preventive care.

 

NPM 12: Transition (CSHCN ages 12-17 years) – The NSCH (2017-2018) showed that 26.5% of CSHCN age 12-17 years were engaged in transition services to adult health care.

 

NPM 15: Continuous and Adequate Insurance (CSHCN ages 12-17 years) – The NSCH (2017-2018) showed that 71.3 % of CSHCN continuously and adequately insured. There were 29.4% of CSHCN that had Medicaid, 17.4% private insurance, and 13.4% uninsured.

 

DOMAIN: Cross-Cutting/Systems

 

SPM 1: Cross-Cutting (Early and Continuous Screening) – Early identification of developmental disorders is critical. The newborn screening and birth defects surveillance program seek to maintain the VaCARES Registry and expand capacity to document and track referrals of infants from the Newborn Screening Program to CSHCN programs.

 

SPM 2: Cross-Cutting (Youth Leadership) – Through the development of a Youth Advisor Program, the Adolescent Health Program seeks to increase equity in VDH’s public health initiatives by incorporating youth voice into the development, planning and management of public health initiatives that impact young people.

 

SPM 3: MCH Workforce Development (Racial Equity) – The VDH MCH Program will develop and implement MCH workforce development policies addressing racial equity for all Title V program staff and subrecipient staff.

 

SPM 5: Cross-Cutting (Family Leadership) – The VDH MCH Program seeks to maintain and expand family engagement to assure families of children with special health care needs partner in decision making at all levels and are satisfied with the services they receive.

 

State Statutes and Other Regulations

 

The state plan for the Virginia CYSHCN Program is found in the Virginia Administrative Code (VAC).  The plan closely mirrors some of the recommendations of AMCHP and the Maternal and Child Health Bureau.  In the plan, the Virginia CYSHCN Program is defined along with the program scope and content.  The CYSHCN unit includes four programs: Care Connection for Children, Child Development Services Program, Sickle Cell Program, and Bleeding Disorders Program.  In addition, the CYSHCN Program connects with newborn screening services in the VAC and has responsibilities in support of newborns confirmed to have certain conditions as described on the newborn screening panel.

 

Given improvements in care, most children with sickle cell disease (SCD) survive into adulthood.  Virginia has a strong pediatric comprehensive sickle cell network that has been in existence since the 1990s, but until recently did not focus on the adult population. In 2020, the General Assembly passed legislation for the Board of Health to adopt regulations to implement an adult comprehensive sickle cell network, as well as funding to support the adult clinics' infrastructure. The regulations are in the process of being drafted and approved for the Virginia Administrative Code. The regulations will outline the scope and services the adult comprehensive sickle cell network will provide.  After the regulations are approved, VDH will move forward with issuing requests for proposals and contracts to aid the clinics' in building the needed infrastructure to improve the quality of care for adults living with SCD. 

 

Virginia House Bill 1467 requires the Board of Health to adopt regulations to include NAS on the list of diseases that shall be reported by physicians and directors of medical care facilities. Virginia medical facilities began reporting clinical diagnoses of NAS in an electronic case reporting system on November 27, 2017. Information captured includes severity of NAS signs, supportive elements for diagnosis, and source of exposure.

 

Virginia House Bill 1157 provides that the Department of Health shall serve as the lead agency with responsibility for the development, coordination, and implementation of a plan for services for substance-exposed infants in the Commonwealth. It details that plans shall (i) support a trauma-informed approach to identification and treatment of substance-exposed infants and their caregivers and (ii) include (a) options for improving screening and identification of substance-using pregnant women, (b) use of multidisciplinary approaches to intervention and service delivery during the prenatal period and following the birth of the substance-exposed child, and (c) referral among providers serving substance-exposed infants and their families and caregivers.

 

Virginia House Bill 2546 establishes the Maternal Mortality Review Team (MMRT) to develop and implement procedures to ensure that maternal deaths occurring in the Commonwealth are analyzed in a systematic way. The bill requires the MMRT to (i) develop and revise as necessary operating procedures for maternal death reviews, including identification of cases to be reviewed and procedures for coordinating among the agencies and professionals involved; (ii) improve the identification of, and data collection and record keeping related to, causes of maternal deaths; (iii) recommend components of programs to increase awareness and prevention of, and education about, maternal deaths; and (iv) recommend training to improve the review of maternal deaths.

 

Children’s Cabinet: In June 2018 Virginia Governor Ralph Northam issued Executive Order No. 11 reestablishing the Children’s Cabinet (Press Release). The First Lady is leading the effort to improve quality of and access to early childhood education programs across Virginia, support the early childhood education workforce, and ensure that Virginia makes the most of early childhood education resources. The Children’s Cabinet prioritizes issues including early childhood development and school readiness, nutrition and food security, and systems of care and safety for school-aged youth.

Maternal & Child Population Overview

 

In 2018, infants were 1.2% (99,261) of the total population1. There were 99,629 infants born to Virginia residents in 20182. Women of reproductive age (15-44 years) accounted for 19.8% (1,688,184) of the total population of Virginia1. There were 2,339,032 children and adolescents aged 1-21 years, representing 27.8% of the population3. According to the 2017- 2018 National Survey of Children’s Health4, 20.9% of Virginia children aged 0 to 17 (Pop. Est. 389,683 children) were identified as having special health care needs.